NIOS Class 10 Syllabus 2026 is available on the official website of the National Institute of Open Schooling, nios.ac.in. The syllabus covers language subjects, Mathematics, Science and Technology, Social Science, Economics, Business Studies, Home Science, Data Entry Operations, Psychology, Indian Culture and Heritage, Accountancy and Painting. NIOS divides the Secondary Course subjects into two broad groups. Group A includes languages such as English, Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, Telugu, Gujarati, Kannada, Punjabi, Nepali, Assamese, Marathi, Sanskrit, Malayalam, Odia, Arabic, Persian and Tamil. Group B includes academic and skill-based subjects such as Mathematics, Science and Technology, Social Science, Economics, Business Studies, Home Science, Data Entry Operations, Psychology, Indian Culture and Heritage, Accountancy and Painting.

For NIOS Class 10 certification, students must choose a minimum of five subjects. At least one language subject is compulsory, and students may choose a maximum of two languages. The remaining subjects can be selected from Group B according to the student’s stream preference and career goal.

Table of Contents

NIOS Class 10 Syllabus 2026 PDF Download
NIOS Subject List 2026 Class 10
NIOS Class 10 Syllabus 2026 Term 1
NIOS Class 10 Syllabus 2026 English
NIOS Class 10 Syllabus 2026 Science
NIOS Class 10 Syllabus 2026 Social Science
NIOS Class 10 Syllabus Arts 2026
NIOS Class 10 Commerce Syllabus 2026
Data Entry Operations NIOS Class 10 Syllabus 2026

NIOS Class 10 Syllabus 2026 PDF Download

NIOS Class 10 Syllabus 2026 PDF download is available through the official NIOS Secondary Course material page. Students can select a subject, check its course code and download the available study resources for the NIOS Class 10 Exam 2026 by clicking on the link provided below:

NIOS Class 10 Syllabus 2026 PDF Download - Click Here

NIOS Subject List 2026 Class 10

NIOS Subject List 2026 Class 10 includes language papers and optional subjects from the Secondary Course. Students can build a combination based on Science, Commerce, Arts or vocational interests. The official NIOS Secondary Course page lists the subjects under Group A and Group B. A student aiming for higher studies in Science may choose Mathematics, Science and Technology and a language. A Commerce-oriented learner may choose Economics, Business Studies and Accountancy. Arts students can select Social Science, Psychology, Home Science, Indian Culture and Heritage or Painting.

Group

NIOS Class 10 Subjects

Group A: Languages

English, Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, Telugu, Gujarati, Kannada, Punjabi, Nepali, Assamese, Marathi, Sanskrit, Malayalam, Odia, Arabic, Persian and Tamil

Group B: Core and Optional Subjects

Mathematics, Science and Technology, Social Science, Economics, Business Studies, Home Science, Data Entry Operations, Psychology, Indian Culture and Heritage, Accountancy, Painting and Data Entry Operations

NIOS Class 10 Compulsory Subjects 2026

NIOS Class 10 compulsory subjects 2026 include at least one language subject. NIOS requires a minimum of five subjects for certification, with at least one language and a maximum of two languages. Students can select the remaining subjects from Group B. Students are required to appear in 5 subjects and can choose two additional subjects by submitting fees of INR 720 per subject.

Requirement

NIOS Class 10 Rule

Minimum subjects

Five subjects

Language requirement

At least one language is compulsory

Maximum languages

Two languages

Subject choice

Remaining subjects from Group B

Certification level

Equivalent to Class 10

The popular NIOS Class 10 subject combinations are as follows:

Stream Preference

Possible Subject Combination

Science

English, Hindi, Mathematics, Science and Technology, Social Science

Commerce

English, Hindi, Economics, Business Studies, Accountancy

Arts

English, Hindi, Social Science, Home Science, Psychology

Skill-based

English, Hindi, Data Entry Operations, Home Science, Painting

Creative Arts

English, Hindi, Indian Culture and Heritage, Folk Art, Painting

NIOS Class 10 Syllabus 2026 Term 1

NIOS Class 10 Syllabus 2026 Term 1 generally refers to the first half of the prescribed Secondary Course syllabus. NIOS follows a module-based curriculum, so students can divide the syllabus into Term 1 and Term 2 for planned preparation.

Subject

Important Term 1 Focus Areas

English

Reading comprehension, basic grammar, vocabulary and early prose lessons

Mathematics

Number systems, algebra, commercial mathematics and geometry basics

Science and Technology

Measurement, matter, chemical reactions, acids and bases

Social Science

Ancient and medieval history, geography basics and civics fundamentals

Economics

Basic economic concepts, consumer behaviour and production

Business Studies

Nature of business, business ownership and trade

Home Science

Food, nutrition, health and resource management basics

Data Entry Operations

Computer fundamentals, keyboard skills and basic documentation

Also Check: NIOS Class 10 Exam Pattern 2026

NIOS Class 10 Syllabus 2026 English

NIOS Class 10 Syllabus 2026 English (course code 202) develops reading, writing, grammar and communication skills. The subject includes prose, poetry, functional grammar, comprehension and writing tasks. Students should focus on understanding passages, improving vocabulary and writing clear answers, and practise letter writing, paragraph writing, dialogue writing and grammar-based questions regularly.

Section

Important Topics

Prose

Prescribed NIOS English lessons, comprehension and textual questions

Poetry

Poems, central idea, theme, poetic devices and interpretation

Reading Skills

Unseen passages, inference, vocabulary and short answers

Functional Grammar

Tenses, articles, prepositions, modals, voice, narration and sentence correction

Writing Skills

Letters, emails, notices, reports, paragraphs and dialogues

Vocabulary

Word meanings, synonyms, antonyms and word formation

NIOS Class 10 Maths Syllabus 2026

NIOS Class 10 Maths Syllabus 2026 (course code 211) covers algebra, geometry, trigonometry, statistics, probability, coordinate geometry and commercial mathematics. The subject builds logical reasoning and problem-solving skills. Students should practise numerical questions daily because Mathematics requires accuracy and speed.

Module

Important Topics

Number Systems

Real numbers, rational numbers, irrational numbers and Euclid’s division lemma

Algebra

Polynomials, linear equations, quadratic equations and arithmetic progressions

Commercial Mathematics

Percentage, profit and loss, simple interest, compound interest and banking

Geometry

Triangles, circles, constructions, similarity and geometric proofs

Trigonometry

Trigonometric ratios, identities, heights and distances

Coordinate Geometry

Cartesian plane, distance formula, section formula and area of a triangle

Statistics and Probability

Mean, median, mode, graphical representation and basic probability

Mensuration

Area, perimeter, surface area and volume

NIOS Class 10 Syllabus 2026 Science

NIOS Class 10 Syllabus 2026 Science is offered as Science and Technology, course code 212. The subject combines physics, chemistry, biology and technology-based concepts. It includes measurement, matter, chemical reactions, life processes, electricity, natural resources and environmental awareness. Science and Technology is a core subject for students who want to pursue Science in Class 12. The NIOS syllabus connects scientific principles with daily life, experiments and technological applications. Students should prepare diagrams, definitions, chemical equations, numericals and practical-based concepts.

NIOS Class 10 Science and Technology Syllabus 2026 includes modules on measurement, matter, chemical substances, energy, living organisms, natural resources and technology. The practical exam includes experiments based on melting point of ice, boiling point of water, separation of mixtures and identification of acidic, basic and neutral salts.

Module

Important Topics

Measurement

Units, measurement of length, mass, time, temperature and area

Matter in Our Surroundings

States of matter, mixtures, compounds, solutions and separation methods

Atoms and Molecules

Atomic structure, molecules, chemical formulae and mole concept

Chemical Reactions

Chemical equations, types of reactions, exothermic and endothermic reactions

Acids, Bases and Salts

Properties, pH scale, neutralisation and salts

Metals and Non-Metals

Properties, reactivity, corrosion and uses

Life Processes

Nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion and control in living organisms

Electricity and Magnetism

Electric current, circuits, resistance, magnetism and electromagnetism

Light and Sound

Reflection, refraction, lenses, sound waves and hearing

Natural Resources

Water, air, soil, energy and environmental conservation

Technology in Daily Life

Applications of science, communication and technological development

NIOS Class 10 Science Practical topics are provided below:

Experiment Area

Examples

Physics

Melting point of ice and boiling point of water

Chemistry

Separation of mixtures and identification of acidic, basic and neutral salts

Biology

Observation of plant and animal structures, where prescribed

General Science

Use of laboratory apparatus and safe experimental practices

NIOS Class 10 Syllabus 2026 Social Science

NIOS Class 10 Syllabus 2026 Social Science (course code 213) covers history, geography, civics and economics. The subject helps students understand India’s past, physical and human geography, democratic institutions and economic development.

NIOS Class 10 History Syllabus 2026

NIOS Class 10 History Syllabus 2026 covers ancient India, medieval India, the modern world, the Industrial Revolution, World War I and World War II.

Module

Important Topics

Ancient India

Early societies, major civilisations, culture and political developments

Medieval India

Delhi Sultanate, Mughal Empire, regional kingdoms and medieval society

Medieval Europe

Europe in medieval times, feudalism and major changes

Modern World

Renaissance, revolutions, colonialism and modern political developments

Industrial Revolution

Causes, industrial growth, social impact and economic changes

World Wars

World War I, World War II, causes, consequences and global impact

NIOS Class 10 Geography Syllabus 2026

NIOS Class 10 Geography Syllabus 2026 explains the physical features of the Earth, climate, natural resources, agriculture, industries, population and sustainable development. Students should practise maps and learn the relationship between resources, human activities and the environment.

Module

Important Topics

Earth and Its Features

Latitudes, longitudes, landforms, rocks and natural processes

Climate and Weather

Atmosphere, temperature, pressure, winds and rainfall

Water Resources

Rivers, oceans, water scarcity and conservation

Natural Resources

Forests, minerals, soil and energy resources

Agriculture

Types of farming, crops, irrigation and agricultural development

Industries

Types of industries, industrial location and manufacturing

Population

Population growth, distribution, migration and human resources

Sustainable Development

Environmental protection, resource conservation and development

NIOS Class 10 Civics Syllabus 2026

NIOS Class 10 Civics Syllabus 2026 focuses on democracy, the Indian Constitution, government institutions, rights and responsibilities. Students should understand how the Union and State governments work and how citizens participate in a democracy.

Module

Important Topics

Indian Constitution

Preamble, features, fundamental rights and fundamental duties

Democracy

Meaning, features, importance and challenges of democracy

Union Government

President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers and Parliament

State Government

Governor, Chief Minister, State Legislature and administration

Judiciary

Role of courts, judicial independence and justice system

Local Government

Panchayati Raj and urban local bodies

Citizenship

Rights, duties, equality and participation in democracy

NIOS Class 10 Economics Syllabus 2026

NIOS Class 10 Economics Syllabus 2026 introduces basic economic ideas, development, sectors of the economy, money, banking and consumer awareness. Students should learn definitions, examples and simple data-based questions.

Module

Important Topics

Understanding Economics

Basic economic problems, needs, wants and resources

Development

Economic development, income and quality of life

Sectors of the Economy

Primary, secondary and tertiary sectors

Money and Credit

Money, banks, loans, credit and savings

Globalisation

Trade, markets and global economic links

Consumer Awareness

Consumer rights, consumer protection and responsibilities

NIOS Class 10 Syllabus Arts 2026

NIOS Class 10 Syllabus Arts 2026 includes subjects such as Indian Culture and Heritage, Home Science, Psychology, Folk Art and Painting. Arts subjects in NIOS focus on concepts, observation, practical understanding and application. Students should prepare short notes, examples, diagrams and definitions. Subjects such as Painting and Folk Art may also include practical or portfolio-based work.

NIOS Class 10 Indian Culture and Heritage Syllabus 2026

NIOS Class 10 Indian Culture and Heritage Syllabus 2026 (course code 223) introduces India’s cultural traditions, history, art, architecture, literature, religion and philosophy. The subject helps students understand the diversity and continuity of Indian civilization.

Module

Important Topics

Culture and Heritage

Meaning of culture, heritage and cultural identity

Ancient Indian Culture

Vedic culture, major dynasties and cultural contributions

Indian Languages and Literature

Classical languages, Sanskrit literature and regional literature

Indian Art

Painting, sculpture, music, dance and performing arts

Architecture

Temple architecture, Mughal architecture and historical monuments

Religion and Philosophy

Major religions, philosophical traditions and ethical thought

Science and Technology in Ancient India

Mathematics, astronomy, medicine and metallurgy

Cultural Unity and Diversity

Regional traditions, festivals and national integration

NIOS Class 10 Home Science Syllabus 2026

NIOS Class 10 Home Science Syllabus 2026 (course code 216) covers food and nutrition, human development, resource management, clothing, health and community living. The subject is useful for students interested in nutrition, childcare, textiles, hospitality and family resource management.

Module

Important Topics

Food and Nutrition

Nutrients, balanced diet, food groups and meal planning

Food Preservation and Safety

Food storage, hygiene, adulteration and preservation

Human Development

Growth stages, child care and adolescence

Resource Management

Time, money, energy and household resources

Clothing and Textiles

Fibres, fabrics, clothing selection and fabric care

Health and Hygiene

Personal hygiene, community health and first aid

Home and Environment

Cleanliness, safety and sustainable living

NIOS Class 10 Psychology Syllabus 2026

NIOS Class 10 Psychology Syllabus 2026 (course code 222) studies human behaviour, mental processes, learning, memory, emotions and personality. It is useful for learners interested in counselling, social work, education and human resources.

Module

Important Topics

Introduction to Psychology

Nature, scope and methods of psychology

Human Development

Growth, development stages and lifespan changes

Sensory and Attention Processes

Senses, attention, perception and observation

Learning and Memory

Types of learning, memory, forgetting and improving memory

Thinking and Problem Solving

Reasoning, creativity, decision making and problem solving

Motivation and Emotion

Needs, motives, emotions and stress management

Personality

Personality development, traits and self-concept

NIOS Class 10 Folk Art Syllabus 2026

NIOS Class 10 Folk Art Syllabus 2026 (course code 244) introduces traditional art forms, regional crafts, folk painting, performing traditions and cultural expression. The subject encourages students to recognize the value of local and community-based art.

Module

Important Topics

Introduction to Folk Art

Meaning, features and importance of folk art

Folk Painting

Traditional painting styles, motifs, colours and techniques

Folk Crafts

Handicrafts, clay work, weaving, embroidery and local crafts

Folk Performing Arts

Folk dance, music, theatre and storytelling

Regional Art Traditions

Folk art forms from different Indian states

Folk Art and Society

Community life, festivals, rituals and cultural identity

Preservation of Folk Art

Documentation, conservation and promotion of traditional arts

NIOS Class 10 Painting Syllabus 2026

NIOS Class 10 Painting Syllabus 2026 (course code 225) develops drawing, colouring, composition and creative expression. The subject is suitable for students interested in fine arts, design, animation, architecture and visual communication. Students should practise sketching regularly and maintain a portfolio of their work. Painting requires both theory and practical preparation. Students should learn about art elements, colour theory, composition, perspective and famous art traditions.

Module

Important Topics

Fundamentals of Art

Lines, shapes, forms, texture, space and balance

Drawing and Sketching

Object drawing, nature study, figure study and still life

Colour Theory

Primary, secondary and complementary colours

Composition

Layout, focal point, proportion and visual balance

Perspective

One-point and two-point perspective

Painting Techniques

Watercolour, poster colour, acrylic and mixed media

Indian Art Traditions

Folk art, miniature painting and regional art styles

Practical Work

Portfolio, creative composition and practical assignments

NIOS Class 10 Commerce Syllabus 2026

NIOS Class 10 Syllabus Commerce 2026 includes Economics, Business Studies, Accountancy and Entrepreneurship-related concepts. These subjects introduce students to trade, markets, money, business organisations, accounting and economic activities. Commerce subjects are useful for students planning to take Commerce in Class 12. Students should combine theory with numerical practice. Economics requires graph and data-based understanding, while Accountancy needs regular practice of journal entries and statements. Business Studies answers should include definitions, points and real-life examples.

NIOS Class 10 Economics Syllabus 2026

NIOS Class 10 Economics Syllabus 2026 (course code 214) explains how people, businesses and governments use limited resources. The subject covers production, consumption, markets, money, banking and economic development.

Module

Important Topics

Introduction to Economics

Scarcity, choice, needs, wants and resources

Consumer Behaviour

Demand, utility and consumer decision making

Production

Factors of production, productivity and costs

Markets

Types of markets, price and competition

Money and Banking

Functions of money, banks, credit and savings

Economic Development

Income, employment, poverty and development indicators

Global Economy

Trade, globalisation and international economic relations

NIOS Class 10 Business Studies Syllabus 2026

NIOS Class 10 Business Studies Syllabus 2026 (course code 215) introduces business activities, ownership forms, trade, banking, insurance and business ethics. Students learn how businesses are organized and how they contribute to the economy.

Module

Important Topics

Business Fundamentals

Meaning, features and objectives of business

Forms of Business Organisation

Sole proprietorship, partnership and company

Business Services

Banking, insurance, transportation and communication

Trade and Commerce

Internal trade, external trade, wholesale and retail trade

Business Environment

Economic, social, legal and technological environment

Business Ethics

Social responsibility, ethics and consumer protection

Entrepreneurship Basics

Business opportunities, enterprise and self-employment

NIOS Class 10 Accountancy Syllabus 2026

NIOS Class 10 Accountancy Syllabus 2026 (course code 224) teaches the recording, classification and summarisation of financial transactions. Students learn accounting equations, journal entries, ledgers, trial balance and final accounts.

Module

Important Topics

Introduction to Accounting

Meaning, objectives, users and accounting concepts

Accounting Equation

Assets, liabilities, capital and double-entry system

Journal and Ledger

Journal entries, ledger posting and subsidiary books

Trial Balance

Preparation, errors and rectification

Final Accounts

Trading account, profit and loss account and balance sheet

Bank Reconciliation

Cash book, bank statement and reconciliation statement

Computerised Accounting

Basic accounting software and digital record keeping

NIOS Class 10 Entrepreneurship Syllabus 2026

NIOS Class 10 Entrepreneurship-related learning is mainly covered through Business Studies and skill-based modules. It introduces learners to business ideas, self-employment, enterprise planning and basic business skills.

Module

Important Topics

Entrepreneurial Skills

Creativity, confidence, leadership and decision-making

Business Ideas

Identifying opportunities and understanding customer needs

Enterprise Planning

Basic business plan, resources and market study

Self-Employment

Small business, home-based business and local enterprise

Business Finance Basics

Capital, savings, cost and profit

Digital Business Skills

Online selling, digital payments and basic marketing

Data Entry Operations NIOS Class 10 Syllabus 2026

Data Entry Operations NIOS Class 10 Syllabus 2026 (course code 229) is a skill-based subject. It teaches computer basics, keyboard skills, word processing, spreadsheets, presentations and digital documentation. Data Entry Operations includes practical work. Students should practise typing speed, formatting documents, creating spreadsheets and making presentations. They should also learn file management, internet basics and safe digital practices.

Module

Important Topics

Computer Fundamentals

Computer system, hardware, software, input and output devices

Operating System

Windows basics, files, folders and system settings

Word Processing

MS Word, formatting, tables, headers, footers and mail merge

Spreadsheets

MS Excel, formulas, charts, data sorting and filtering

Presentation Software

MS PowerPoint, slides, transitions and design

Data Entry Skills

Typing accuracy, speed and data-entry practice

Internet and Email

Browsing, search, email and internet safety

Digital Documentation

Saving, printing, sharing and organizing files

NIOS Class 10 Syllabus 2026 FAQs

What is the NIOS Class 10 Syllabus 2026?

NIOS Class 10 Syllabus 2026 includes the official Secondary Course curriculum for languages, Mathematics, Science and Technology, Social Science, Economics, Business Studies, Home Science, Psychology, Indian Culture and Heritage, Accountancy, Painting, Folk Art and Data Entry Operations. It is available on nios.ac.in.

How many subjects are compulsory in NIOS Class 10?

Students must select a minimum of five subjects for NIOS Class 10 certification. At least one language subject is compulsory, and students can choose a maximum of two languages.

Where can I download the NIOS Class 10 Syllabus 2026 PDF?

Students can download the NIOS Class 10 syllabus 2026 PDF from the official NIOS Secondary Course material page at nios.ac.in. The page provides syllabus bifurcation, sample question papers, marking schemes and question paper design.

Is NIOS Class 10 equivalent to regular Class 10?

Yes. The NIOS Secondary Course is equivalent to the Class 10 standard. Students who pass the NIOS Secondary examination can pursue Senior Secondary education or other eligible courses.

What are the main subjects in NIOS Class 10 Science?

The main Science subject in NIOS Class 10 is Science and Technology, course code 212. It includes Physics, Chemistry, Biology, environmental science and technology-based topics.

Does NIOS Class 10 have practical exams?

Yes, skill-based and practical-oriented subjects such as Science and Technology, Home Science, Painting, Folk Art and Data Entry Operations may include practical components. Students should follow the official NIOS practical guidelines for their selected subjects.

Exam Calendar

Explore exam calendars tailored to your interest

Board Exam Calendar